What system involves providing government jobs in exchange for political loyalty?

The correct answer is the Spoils System, which refers to the practice of giving government jobs to supporters and loyalists of a political party, often in exchange for their political support. This system became particularly prominent in the early 19th century in the United States, especially during and after Andrew Jackson's presidency. Jackson justified this practice by arguing that it was a way to democratize government and replace entrenched bureaucratic elites with ordinary citizens who were loyal to the party in power.

The Spoils System emphasized the idea that political loyalty could be rewarded with public office, thus creating a reciprocal relationship between politicians and their constituents. This system often led to inefficiencies and corruption, as appointing unqualified individuals based on their allegiance rather than merit became common.

While the Civil Service System and Merit-Based Hiring represent attempts to professionalize government employment and prioritize qualifications over political connections, the Patronage System is a broader term that can encompass the Spoils System but isn't as specifically defined. Therefore, the focus on loyalty in the context of providing government jobs makes the Spoils System the most accurate choice.