Which artistic movement celebrated nature over civilization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

The correct answer is Romanticism, a movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a response to the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment. Romanticism emphasized emotion, individual experience, and a deep appreciation for the natural world. Artists and writers of this movement often sought inspiration from nature, viewing it as a source of beauty and spiritual renewal, contrasting the mechanization and urbanization brought about by civilization.

Romantic artists often depicted dramatic landscapes, emphasizing the sublime qualities of nature—its vastness, power, and mystery—while expressing a sense of longing and emotional intensity. This celebration of nature was a central theme in the works of influential figures like William Wordsworth in literature and Caspar David Friedrich in visual arts. The movement advocated for an authentic engagement with the natural environment, prompting a re-evaluation of humanity's relationship to it amidst the rapidly changing societal conditions of the time.

Other options represent different artistic movements with distinct focuses. Realism concentrated on everyday life and the realities of society, often ignoring nature’s romantic qualities. Modernism later sought innovation and abstract forms, breaking away from traditional representations of nature. Impressionism, while it did celebrate the beauty of the natural world, primarily focused on capturing light