Which of the following events is associated with the federal government's resistance against state-led economic policies during the 1830s?

The Nullification Crisis is the correct choice because it encapsulates a significant confrontation between the federal government and the state of South Carolina over the issue of state-led economic policies. In the early 1830s, South Carolina declared that they had the right to nullify federal tariffs that they felt were harmful to their economy, particularly the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. This assertion of states' rights led to a standoff, as President Andrew Jackson strongly opposed the idea that states could unilaterally invalidate federal laws, viewing such actions as a direct threat to the union.

The conflict escalated to the point where Jackson threatened to use military force against South Carolina if they continued with their nullification. The resolution of the crisis came with a compromise tariff and the Force Bill, which empowered Jackson to enforce federal law militarily if necessary. This event highlighted the tensions between federal authority and states' rights, particularly regarding economic policies imposed by the federal government.

In contrast, the other events listed—such as the Trail of Tears, the Indian Removal Act, and the Missouri Compromise—while significant in American history, do not directly pertain to the specific conflict between state economic policies and federal authority in the same way that the Nullification