Which Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review?

The Supreme Court case that established the power of judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. This landmark decision, delivered in 1803, was pivotal in affirming the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine their constitutionality.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, found that a section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was in conflict with the Constitution and therefore void. This ruling effectively empowered the judiciary to invalidate laws that it found to be contrary to the Constitution, thus solidifying the role of the Supreme Court as a co-equal branch of government with the ability to interpret laws and their alignment with constitutional principles. This case set a precedent that has had lasting implications for the balance of power in the American government.

The other cases mentioned, while significant in their own rights, relate to different aspects of federal power and regulation. McCulloch v. Maryland dealt with federal supremacy and the implied powers of Congress, Dartmouth College v. Woodward focused on contracts and corporate charters, and Gibbons v. Ogden addressed interstate commerce. None of these cases addressed the doctrine of judicial review in the same foundational way as Marbury v. Madison.