Who served as the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835 and established judicial review?

John Marshall served as the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835 and is renowned for establishing the principle of judicial review through the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. This case asserted the power of the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds to be in conflict with the Constitution. Marshall's tenure significantly shaped the role of the Supreme Court and reinforced the judiciary as an equal branch of government alongside the executive and legislative branches. His rulings helped lay the groundwork for the federal government's authority and the protection of civil rights and liberties, solidifying the judicial branch's role in American governance.