Who was a strong advocate for state rights, limited government, and nullification during the early 19th century?

The selection of John C. Calhoun is accurate because he was a prominent figure in advocating for states' rights and played a crucial role in the development of the nullification doctrine during the early 19th century. Calhoun argued that states had the right to nullify federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional, a position that stemmed from his belief in the sovereignty of states over federal authority. His defense of these principles led to significant political debates, particularly regarding the Tariff of Abominations and the South Carolina Nullification Crisis of 1832, where he asserted that states could reject federal legislation to protect their interests. This philosophy sharply contrasted with the views of other contemporary leaders who generally supported a stronger federal government.